Excavating machine



- July 3, 1923.

" W. HEBSACKER EXCAVATING MACHINE Original Filed June 17, 1920 -2 Sheets-Sheet l II VVENTOR. Willa/m f/eisar/er 1 A TTORNE Y.

July 3; 1923.

1.460.671 W. H EBSACKER I EXGAVATING MACHINE 2 Shets-Sheet 2 Original FiledJun 17, 1920 .56 vulllrllllllllnguzwzr qmvlllll/maui INVENTOR. Wi'lielm H055 ader ATTORNEY.

Patented July 3, 1923.

UNIT S EXOAVATING rmcnrnn.

Original application filed June 1'7, 1920, Serial No. 389,780. Divided and this application filed May 1 17, 1921. SerialNo. 470,313.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILHELM HEBSAGKER,

,a citizen of Germany, residing at Heilbronn,

the advancing means;

VVurttemberg, Germany, have invented certaln new and useful Improvements 1n Excavating Machines, of which the following 18 a specification.

This invention relates to a'digging orexcavating machine to be used in the construction of tunnels, canals, ditches, etc, or for any other work requiring the removal or turning of soil. The present machineineludes improved means for causing its forward movement, and this application is a division ofmy earlier application filed in the United StatesPatent Office on June 1'7, 1920, Serial No. 389,780.

The embodiments of my invention shown in the present case comprise a non-rotary casing, a rotary head atthe front end of the casing, and certain novel propelling devices which are caused tomove first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, as

.will be set forth hereinafter. The invention also consists in a novel screw conveyor and in certain other features. and'arrangements of parts which will be described below, and

particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in whichfour different forms of my invention are illustrated, and in which Fig. 1 is, substantially, a longitudinal vertical section of the first form of this invention; Fig. 2 isa front elevation with parts in section on line 2-2 of Fig, 1; Fig.3 is front elevation with parts broken away and partsinsection on line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical section showing a modification of the advancing means; Fig. 5 is a transverse section on line 5 -5 of Fig. 4 Fig.6 is a similar view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary vertical section showing a further modification of Fig. 8 is a vertical section showing still another form of my improved excavator; Fig. 9 is a cross section on line 9-9 of Fig. 8; and Fig. 10 is a horizontal section on line 10l0 of Fig. 8 v

horizontal platform 27 extending from one of'sa-id members, to the other, and a shell 28 .of cylindrical curvature, but "open at the bottom lengthwise. Within the casing an electromotor or other suitable engine. 86 is supported on theplatform27, and'through suitable gearing Slithis, motor operates atransverse shaft 85 actuating, by means of .37 secured to the front member 25 of the casing and projecting therefrom axially forward. This sleeve36carries the rotary excavating head, which is here shown of a general conical shape, with a ring 450 located at. the rear end orbas'e of said'head,'spaced from said front member 25, and obliquely disposed barsl converging forwardly toward the point, 42 having a helical thread I 43 adapted to worm itself into the soil when rotated under, pressure. Fixed on the outer sides of the bars 41 are a plurality of rigid abraders or cutters 44, preferably disposed in several concentrie'rows- (see Fig. 3) and acting, when the head is rotated, to loosen the soil after the manner of picks, bars, or chisels, the soil passingbetween the barsof the head asthe latter advances.

The machine rests on two longitudinal screw conveyors located at its bottom andjournaled in the members' 25, 26 below thev platform 27. Each of these conveyors comprises a relatively long rear portion 58, lo-

cated between the members 25,j26,; and'a relatively short front portion 58 located between the front member 25 and'the ring 40 of the rotary-heath These two portions are held to turnin unison, as by. being secured rigidly to the same shaft.

as by having a pinion 60, on the shaft ofone conveyor in. direct mesh with a pinion 61 engaging the gear wheel 3%, While the pinion 60 of the other conveyor 58, 58 meshes with pinion 63 which also engages a'pinion 62 in mesh with the gear wheel 34.

The rotating head may be provided with an axial rod or spindle 45 rigid with the point 42' and journaled'within the hollow axle 37, so as to steady said head, The gears 33, 3%, 60, 6]., 62 and 63 may be protected by a cover 39 located in front of them, and in the rear ofthe conveyor portions 58 The soil loosened by the slowly-revolving screw point 42 and by the cutters 44.415

The two conveyorsare rotated in opposite directions,

moved rearwardly by the auxiliary or front portions 58 of the screw conveyors and by their main portions 58. The machine is fed forward in part by the action of the screw point 412, in part by the screw conveyors 58, 58, and in part by additional mechanism to be described presently. The two screw conveyors rotate in opposite directions, thereby avoiding any tendency to tip the machine sideways.

The additional advancing mechanism or propelling device, moving alternately in opposite directions, is constructed as follows: Secured at suitable intervals within the we ing, at the upper half thereof, are front and rear brackets 160 and 161 respectively on which sector-shaped plate levers 162 and 163 respectively are mounted pivotally to swin in planes passing through the ax s of the machine, that is to say, said lovers will move lengtl vise of the machine. The shell 28 has suitable longitudinal slots through which the said levers are adapted to project. Each of tie rear levers 163 has an arm 16?) to which is connected a tension spring 166 secured at its outer end to a bracket 16". fixed on the rear member :20 the casing. A longitudinal rod 168 is connected pivot ally with said arm and with a simi a arm 170 on the corresponding front 1 er 162, thereby causing the two connected levers to swing in unison. Another arm 1132. e3:- tends from the front edge of each lever parallel to the respective arm 170, and l e parallel arms carry a sp ndle 1T3 ant-.a freely movable concave-raced roller 11 1-. The springs 1% keep the several rollers 1 against the wavy edge of a cam 175 secured to the sleeve 36 carrying the rotary cutter head.

As the cutter head is rotated, the cam 17o will turn in ,unison therewith and the several levers 162, 163 will be oscillated to make contact with the bore produced by the head, and to advance or propel he excavator. It will be noted that the intervals between the cam waves do not coincide with the spacing of the several roll rs and levers, thus while all the levers will no rocked practicell; constantly. their t ming wi vz y, some of t '11: levers being retracted at he time that others are advanced. It will he understood that the propell'. ,3 action is exerted by the rear edges of the sector-shaped leve at the time such lovers are rocki W earwardl v.

Figs. 4. 5 and 6 show 2. 'iodii'ied form 01 earn enab 'ng to .59 with the springs 1 said modified (am 180 having an endless undulat cam groove 181. on one face suited to rccei" e rollers 182 carried by slides 183 and connected hr links 184. with levers 185 of the same cha; ,cter the le-- vers 169, and 186 I lave indicated the rod which (like the rod 168 of Fl 1) conn cts the front lever 185 with the corresponding rear lever (not shown). The slides 188 are guided by radial slots 187 formed in av backing plate 188.

In the modification shown in Fig. '7 a lobed peripheral cam 190, driven like the cams described above, engages rollers 19!. journaled in the forked inner ends of slides 192 guided and SL'LpPOItECl by brackets 193 secured to the front member 25 of the cas-- ing. Links 195 connect the outer ends of the slit es 192 with the sector-shaped levers 196 arranged in front and rear and operating as described above, the two levers ot' the same pair being coupled by a rod 197.

it will he noted that the front levers 163, 785, 196 are located in the space between the :l'ront members 25 of the casing and the rear end or ring 10 of the rotary cutter head.

Figs. and 10 illustrate a construction in which the general features are substan- 'al the as in the construction de- Jed above, except that there is an addn onal pair of screw conveycrs 56 located at level s ghtly hove the platform 27, said conveyers being driven in opposite directions, in exactly the same manner as'has been described above with reference tothescrew conveyers 58. The auxiliary conveyor portions 58 have been omitted (although they might be used). The main feature disguishing the construction illustrated by Figs. 8, 9 and 10 from those described above, consists in substituting another type of additional advancing mechanisn'i for the rocle ing levers 162. 163, 185, 196. Like this lastnemed mechanism. the one shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 comprises front and rear members connected to move in unison, first in one direction and then in the other, and located in advance of the members 25 and 26 re spectively of the casing, but in construction details, the mechanism of Figs. 8. 9 and 10 dif ers considerably fromthe rocking levers of the kind set forth in the modifications de scribed above.

Secured below the platform 27 are two bearing brackets 135 supporting a revoluble siaft 136, and protected by a housing 137 from which said shaft projects forwardly and rearwardly, the protruding ends carrying rigidly a pair of helical conveyors 138. The shaft 136, which extends parallel with the axis of'the machine and directly below said axis. at about the same level as the axes of the conveyors 58 (Fig. 9), is operated by means of a sprocket 14.0 held against longitudinal motion and having a longitudinal groove for a key 1&1 on said shaft. The sprocket 144) is driven by means of a chain 141-3 from a sprocket 142 secured rigidly to the inner end of the rod or spindle 15 which rotates in unison with the sleeve 36. Y

A collar 1 15 is mounted on the shaft 136 and is fixed thereto in any suitable way so a slot in the upper portion of the" lever which projectinto the slots of a fork 1 17 at the lower end of a lever 148 fulcrumed on a bracket 149 secured, to the platform" 27,.

said lever swinging lengthwise'of the shaft 136. ;An oscillat ing motion'is imparted to said lever by a pin 150 extendingthrough (Fig. 8) andextending from one side of a gear' 151 driven from the motor 1 86 by suitable gearing 1&4; It will beunderstood that the shaft. 136 andthe conveyor's138 1 attached "thereto will thus be rotated constantly and at the same time given a" reciprocating m ovementlengthwise of the shafts axis, whereby the loosened soil will be carried to the rearof the excavator, =supplementing the action of 56 and 58. r

Various modifications maybe made without departing from the nature of my invention.

I claim:

1. An excavating machine comprising a non-rotatable body, a rotary cutter head in front of said body, a propelling device projecting laterally from the body to'en'gage the bore of the excavation and movable forward and rearward relatively to said body, and means for moving said device 7 alternately in opposite direction.

2. An excavating 'machine comprising a non-rotatable body, a rotary cutter head in front of said body, a propelling device comprising front and rear sections connected to move in unison forward and rearward relatively to said body, and means for moving said device alternativelyin :opposite directions. v

3. An excavating machine comprising a non-rotatable body, a rotary cutter head located in advance of said body and spaced therefrom, a propelling device movable forward and rearward relatively to said body and located between said body and said head, and means for moving said device alternately in opposite directions.

4;. An excavating machine comprising a non-rotatable body having connected front and rear members, a rotary cutter head located in advance of said front member and spaced therefrom,-a propelling device comprising front and rear sections connected to move in unison forward and rearward and locted respectively in front of the front member and of the rear member of said body, and means for moving said device alternately in opposite directions.

5. An excavating machine comprising a non-rotatable body, a rotary cutter head located in front of said body, rotary screw conveyors journaled on said body about axes the main conveyors i lengthwise or th my; to conv y rearwardly the material loosen dby th ter he'a'd, and to propel themachine' forward,

g additional propellingdevice movable forward and rearward I relatively to said body,-

and means for moving 'said device alter-' nately in opposite directions. 6 .I'An' "excavating machine comprising a non-rotatable body, a rotaryhead having means to" disintegrate soil in: advance of said body, a" series of oscillating sector-shaped levers mounted on' said bodyto'ma'ke-contact with thefbo're produced-by said "head, and means -for actuating said levers.

w '7. An excavating machine;comprising a' non-rotatable bodyya rotary "headhaving means to disintegrate soil in advance of said body, aLseriesof oscillating sector-shaped levers mounted on said'bodytolmake contact with the. bore produced by said head", and

means for actuating said levers,xat different intervals so'that their operative motions'will occur at different times for different levers.

8. An excavating machine comprising a non-rotatable body, a rotary head having means toidisintegrate soil in advance of said body, a series "of oscillating sector-shaped Y levers mounted, on said body to makecon= tact with the bore produced by said head, said levers being located at the front and at ing operatively connectedwith-one of the rear levers, and means for actuating said .95" i the rear of saidbody,1each front lever be-' means to disintegrate soil in advance of said 7 body, a series of oscillating sector-shaped levers mounted on said body to make contact 1 with the bore produced by said'head, and a cam, rotating in unison with said head, for

actuating said levers.

10. An excavating machine comprising'a non-rotatable body, a rotatable cutting head adjacent to said body, rotary SOIGWICOH- veyors'journaled on said body aboutaxes extending lengthwiseof said body, and screw extensions on said conveyors reaching close to said head.

11. An excavating machine-comprising a' non-rotatable body, a rotatable cutter head i. adjacent to said body, a double-ended screw conveyor'located at the lower part of saidbody and mountedto rotate abouta'n axis extending lengthwise of the machine and alsomovable'lengthwise of said axis, and means forimparting a. longitudinal reciprocating motion to said conveyor while ,it is rotating. 12. An excavating machine comprising a non-rotatableibody, a rotatable cutter head adjacent to said body, screw conveyors ex-, tending lengthwise of said body. and located on oppositesides thereof, means for impartmg rotation in opposite directions to the conj veyors which-are located on opposite sides of the body rocking levers pivoted on said body and adapted to engage the bore pro duced by said rotary head, and means for giving said levers their active rearward movements intermittently to cause an advance of said body.

13. An excavating machine comprising a non rotatable body, a rotatable shaft centrally mounted in said body, a rotatable cutter head on said shaft, a. helical screw cutter projecting forwardly from said head and a propelling device projecting laterally from said body and movable forward and rearward relatively to said body whereby said cutter head is held against the material to be excavated and means for moving said propelling device alternately in opposite directions.

14. An excavating machine comprising a non rotatable body, a rotatable shaft centrally mounted in said body, a rotatable cutter head on said shaft a propelling device projectinglaterally from said body to engage the bore of the excavation, movable forward and rearward relatively to said body, and means carried by said shaft for moving said device alternately in opposite directions. l

15. An excavating machine comprising a non rotatable body, a. rotatable cutter head mounted on said body having a helical screw cutter projecting forwardly from said cutter, a propelling devicemounted on said body and projecting laterally therefrom adapted to hold said cutter head and helical screw cutter in contact with the excavating cut. a V

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature.

WILHELM HEBSAOKER.

Witnesses E. SHLErRHER, v FRIEELE KLEU GER. 

